• 1329 – Pope John XXII issued a papal bull declaring that some of the works of German theologian and mystic Meister Eckhart were heretical.

• 1794 – To protect American merchant ships from Barbary pirates, the United States Congress passed the Naval Act to establish a naval force, consisting of the USS Constitution and five other frigates, which eventually became the United States Navy.



• 1941 – Encouraged by the British Special Operations Executive, a group of pro-Western Serb-nationalist Royal Yugoslav Air Force officers planned and conducted a coup d'état after Yugoslavia joined the Axis powers.

• 1976 – The Washington Metro, the second-busiest rapid transit system in the US, opened to commuters.