• 1790 - 1st US census conducted, the population was 3,939,214 including 697,624 slaves.
• 1858 – The Government of India Act 1858 replaces Company rule in India with that of the British Raj.
• 1870 - World's first underground railway opened, The Tower Subway beneath river Thames in London opened its doors for passengers. The subway was closed within a few months because of bankruptcy. The tunnel is now used for utilities.
• 1989 – A massacre is carried out by an Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka killing 64 ethnic Tamil civilians.
• 1932 – The positron (antiparticle of the electron) is discovered by Carl D. Anderson.
• 1939 – Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard write a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt, urging him to begin the Manhattan Project to develop a nuclear weapon.
• 1990 – Iraq invades Kuwait, eventually leading to the Gulf War.
Birthdays
• 1861 – Birth day of Prafulla Chandra Ray, He established the first modern Indian research school in chemistry and is regarded as the Father of Indian Chemistry. (Death : 16 June 1944 at aged 82).
• 1876 – Birth day of Pingali Venkayya, an Indian freedom fighter and a Gandhian. He was the designer of the flag on which the Indian National Flag was based. He was also a lecturer, author, geologist, educationalist, agriculturist, and a polyglot. (Death : 4 July 1963)
Obituaries
• 1799 - Death day of Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier, French inventor, co-invented the hot air balloon (Birth : 2 August 1799).
• 1922 – Death day of Alexander Graham Bell, Scottish-Canadian engineer, Invented the Telephone (Birth : August 2, 1922).
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