• 797 – Byzantine emperor Constantine VI was captured, blinded, and imprisoned by the supporters of his mother Irene.
• 1713 – With no living male heirs, Holy Roman Emperor Charles
VI issued the Pragmatic Sanction to ensure one of his daughters would inherit
the Habsburg lands.
• 1861 – American Civil War: The first bloodshed of the war
took place when Confederate sympathizers in Baltimore, Maryland, attacked
members of the Massachusetts militia en route to Washington, D.C.
• 1943 – The Holocaust: Nazi troops entered the Warsaw Ghetto
to round up the remaining Jews, sparking the first mass uprising in
Poland against the German occupation.
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